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Objective To explore the relationship between scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1) gene promoter methylation and the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Methods A total of 120 patients with coronary heart disease treated in Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from December 2018 to May 2020 were selected as the case group,while 140 gender and age matched healthy participants were randomly selected as the control group for a case-control study.The methylation status was detected by high-throughput target sequencing after bisulfite converting,and the methylation of CpG sites in the promoter region of SCARB1 gene was compared between the two groups. Results The case group showed higher methylation level of SCARB1+67 and lower methylation level of SCARB1+134 than the control group (both P<0.001),and the differences remained statistically significant in men (both P<0.001) and women (both P<0.001).The overall methylation level in the case group was lower than that in the control group [(80.27±2.14)% vs.(81.11±1.27)%;P=0.006],while this trend was statistically significant only in men (P=0.002). Conclusion The methylation of SCARB1 gene promotor is associated with the pathogenesis and may participate in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Methylation , Case-Control Studies , China , Coronary Artery Disease/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , DNA Methylation , Scavenger Receptors, Class B/geneticsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a experiência de um estágio acadêmico vivenciado por universitários da área da saúde em um município do Baixo Solimões. Síntese dos dados:Trata-se do relato descritivo de um estágio acadêmico extramuro realizado em Manacapuru, Amazonas, ocorrido no período de outubro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. A realização da atividade teve a participação de acadêmicos de Medicina, Enfermagem e Odontologia e contou com a aplicação de práticas em saúde direcionadas à atuação individual e coletiva. Tendo como público-alvo os pacientes atendidos por uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), os universitários auxiliaram na realização de atendimentos eletivos em suas respectivas áreas de atuação e conduziram atividades de educação em saúde como rodas de conversa, gincanas educativas, palestras interativas e educação continuada à equipe da UBS. Conclusão: As práticas e ações em saúde realizadas no período do estágio extramuro proporcionaram uma integração interdisciplinar satisfatória entre os acadêmicos, possibilitando aos mesmos uma vivência apropriada na atenção básica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
Objective: To describe the experience of an academic internship completed by university students in the health field in a municipality in Baixo Solimões. Data synthesis: This is a descriptive report of an extramural academic internship carried out in Manacapuru, Amazonas, from October 2019 to February 2020. The activity was carried out with the participation of medical, nursing and dentistry students and included the application of health practices aimed at individual and collective action. Having as a target audience the patients assisted by a Primary Health Care (PHC) center, the university students helped in carrying out elective care in their respective fields and conducted health education activities such as conversation circles, educational scavenger hunts, interactive lectures and continuing education for the PHC center team. Conclusion: The health practices and actions carried out during the extramural internship enabled a satisfactory interdisciplinary integration among the students and allowed them to have an appropriate experience in primary care in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS).
Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de una pasantía académica vivida por universitarios del área de la salud en un municipio del Baixo Solimões. Síntesis de los datos: Se refiere al informe descriptivo de una pasantía académica extramuros realizado en Manacapuru, Amazonas, ocurrido entre octubre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. La realización de la actividad tuvo la participación de académicos de medicina, enfermería y odontología y contó con la aplicación de prácticas en salud direccionadas a la actuación individual y colectiva. Teniendo como público meta los pacientes atendidos por una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS), los universitarios ayudaron en la realización de atendimientos electivos en sus respectivas áreas de actuación y condujeron actividades de educación y en salud como charlas, juegos educativos, conferencias interactivas y educación continuada para el equipo de la UBS. Conclusión: Las prácticas y acciones en salud realizadas en el período de la pasantía extramuros proporcionaron una integración interdisciplinar satisfactoria entre los académicos, posibilitando a los mismos una experiencia apropiada en la atención básica del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS).
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BACKGROUND: Scavenger receptor class B (SRB) is a multifunctional protein in animals that participates in physiological processes, including recognition of a wide range of ligands. Astaxanthin is a major carotenoid found in shrimp. However, the molecular mechanism of astaxanthin and SRB protein binding has not been reported. RESULTS: In the present study, a member of the SRB subfamily, named PmSRB, was identified from the transcriptome of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). The open reading frame of PmSRB was 1557 bp in length and encoded 518 amino acids. The structure of PmSRB included a putative transmembrane structure at the N-terminal region and a CD36 domain. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that the CD36 domain were conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed four separate branches (SRA, SRB, SRC, and croquemort) in the phylogenetic tree and that PmSRB was clustered with SRB of Eriocheir sinensis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the PmSRB gene was widely expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression level observed in the lymphoid organ and brain. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that PmSRB-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion proteins were predominantly localized in the cell membrane. The recombinant proteins of PmSRB showed binding activities against astaxanthin in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: PmSRB was identified and characterized in this study. It is firstly reported that PmSRB may take as an important mediator of astaxanthin uptake in shrimp.
Subject(s)
Animals , Penaeidae , Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Blotting, Western , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Sequence Alignment , Xanthophylls , Receptors, Scavenger/isolation & purification , Receptors, Scavenger/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
DNA-nanotechnology-based nano-architecture scaffolds based on circular strands were designed in the form of DNA-nanowires(DNA-NWs)as a polymer of DNA-triangles.Circularizing a scaffold strand(84-NT)was the critical step followed by annealing with various staple strands to make stiff DNA-triangles.Atomic force microcopy(AFM),native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE),UV-analysis,MTT-assay,flow cytometry,and confocal imaging were performed to assess the formulated DNA-NWs and cisplatin(CPT)loading.The AFM and confocal microscopy images revealed a uniform shape and size distribution of the DNA-NWs,with lengths ranging from 2 to 4 μm and diameters ranging from 150 to 300 nm.One sharp band at the top of the lane(500 bp level)with the loss of electrophoretic mobility during the PAGE(native)gel analysis revealed the successful fabrication of DNA-NWs.The loading efficiency of CPT ranged from 66.85％to 97.35％.MTT and flow cytometry results showed biocompatibility of the blank DNA-NWs even at 95％concentration compared with the CPT-loaded DNA-NWs.The CPT-loaded DNA-NWs exhibited enhanced apoptosis(22％)compared to the apoptosis(7％)induced by the blank DNA-NWs.The release of CPT from the DNA-NWs was sustained at＜75％for 6 h in the presence of serum,demonstrating suitability for systemic applications.The IC50 of CPT@DNA-NWs was reduced to 12.8 nM CPT,as compared with the free CPT solution exhibiting an IC50 of 51.2 nM.Confocal imaging revealed the targetability,surface binding,and slow internalization of the DNA-NWs in the scavenger-receptor-rich cancer cell line(HepG2)compared with the control cell line.
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The study aimed to achieve enhanced targeted cytotoxicity and cell-internalization of cisplatin-loaded deoxyribonucleic acid-nanothread (CPT-DNA-NT),mediated by scavenger receptors into HeLa cells.DNA-NT was developed with stiff-topology utilizing circular-scaffold to encapsulate CPT.Atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of the DNA-NT showed uniformity in the structure with a diameter of 50-150 nm and length of 300-600 nm.The successful fabrication of the DNA-NT was confirmed through native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis,as large the molecular-weight (polymeric) DNA-NT did not split into constituting strands under applied current and voltage.The results of cell viability confirmed that blank DNA-NT had the least cytotoxicity at the highest concentration (512 nM) with a viability of 92％ as evidence of its biocompatibility for drug delivery.MTT assay showed superior cyto-toxicity of CPT-DNA-NT than that of the free CPT due to the depot release of CPT after DNA-NT inter-nalization.The DNA-NT exhibited targeted cell internalizations with the controlled intracellular release of CPT (from DNA-NT),as illustrated in confocal images.Therefore,in vitro cytotoxicity assessment through flow cytometry showed enhanced apoptosis (72.7％) with CPT-DNA-NT (compared to free CPT;64.4％).CPT-DNA-NT,being poly-anionic,showed enhanced endocytosis via scavenger receptors.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Shuangyu Tiaozhi decoction on B-type scavenger receptor （SRB1）/cholesterol 7<italic>α</italic>-hydroxylase protein （CYP7A1）/farnesol X receptor （FXR） signaling pathway in liver of hypercholesterolemic rats， and its mechanism in reducing blood lipid. Method:Among 40 SD rats， 8 were randomly selected as normal group， and the remaining 32 were successfully established as hypercholesterolemic model， and randomly divided into 4 groups： model group， low and high-dose Shuangyu Tiaozhi decoction groups （7.8， 15.6 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， and simvastatin group （4 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， with 8 rats in each group. The drugs were continuously given for 8 weeks. Serum total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG） and liver TC，free cholesterol （FC） and total bile acid （TBA） were measured. The pathomorphological changes in liver were observed by Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） Staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of SRB1， CYP7A1 and FXR were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. The immunohistochemistry was used to detect CYP7A1 and FXR expressions in liver. Result:Compared with the normal group， TC， TG， FC levels in the model group were significantly increased， while the TBA level was markedly decreased， the morphology showed obvious liver steatosis， and significant declines in expressions of SRB1， CYP7A1， FXR were observed by Real-time PCR， Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the levels of TC，TG，FC in each treatment group were reduced significantly， and the TBA level was increased markedly， the liver steatosis decreased significantly， the results of Real-time PCR， Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays showed significant increase in the expressions of SRB1， CYP7A1， FXR （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. The therapeutic effect of high-dose Shuangyu Tiaozhi decoction group was more remarkable than that in low-dose Shuangyu Tiaozhi Decoction group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， with no obvious difference compared with simvastatin group. Conclusion:Shuangyu Tiaozhi decoction can promote hepatic RCT and synthesize bile acid by up-regulating SRB1/CYP7A1/FXR signaling pathway， so as to reduce the blood lipid levels and improve hepatic lipid metabolism of hypercholesterolemic rats.
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Objective@#To explore the impact of arsenic on cholesterol efflux and the expression of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 1 ( ABCA1 ), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 ( ABCG1 ), and scavenger receptor class B member I ( SRBI ) in macrophages, so as to provide the evidence for the mechanism of arsenic induced atherosclerosis.@*Methods@#The human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells ( THP-1 ), induced by phorbol myristate acetate, and mouse primary macrophages were treated with 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 μmol/L NaAsO2 for 48 hours. Then the cells treated with 2.5 μmol/L NaAsO2 were changed to arsenic free mediums for 48 hours and collected every 12 hours to analyze the time effect of arsenic. The expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SRBI were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cholesterol efflux rates were measured by 3H isotope tracer. @*Results@#Arsenic significantly down-regulated the expression levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and cholesterol efflux in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of ABCA1 mRNA decreased by 69% and 72%, the levels of ABCG1 mRNA decreased by 42% and 34%, and the rate of cholesterol efflux decreased by 55% and 59% in THP-1 and mouse primary macrophages cells treated with 5 μmol/L NaAsO2 ( all P<0.05 ). Arsenic had no significant effect on SRBI expression ( all P>0.05 ). Arsenic inhibited ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in THP-1 in a time-dependent manner. Compared with cells before the exposure of arsenic, the level of ABCA1 mRNA and the rate of cholesterol efflux in THP-1 bottomed at 48 hours by 43% and 42%, and gradually recovered when arsenic was removed. @*Conclusions@#Arsenic inhibits cholesterol efflux by down-regulating the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in macrophages.
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Drusen is one of the early hallmark changes of AMD. The oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction caused by oxidative phospholipids (OxPLs) in drusen can lead to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, etc.) and the formation of choroidal neovascularization, which is the pathogenesis of AMD. Pyroptosis, also known as inflammatory necrosis, is one of the main forms of OxPLs induced cell death. Proinflammatory factors released by pyroptic cells can in turn aggravate the inflammatory reaction, leading to further damage. In order to prevent AMD, inflammatory response and cell death may be reduced by regulating lipid metabolism, reducing OxPLs endocytosis and increasing cholesterol efflux. In-depth understanding effects of OxPLs, inflammation and RPE pyrosis in the pathogenesis of AMD in elucidate the pathogenesis of AMD and to seek new treatment measures has important clinical significance.
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Background: N-acetyl cysteine, a mucolytic agent, demonstrates free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, and prevents endothelial dysfunction by inhibition of NF-KB and formation of no adducts. This has a potential role to tackle cytokine storms, endothelial dysfunction and prothrombotic state observed in COVID-19 manifestations like ARDS and Multi organ dysfunction.Methods: Institution based descriptive cross sectional study, 164 patients from laboratory confirmed RT PCR positive COVID-19 patients, in the study period from 27th May 2020 to 10th August 2020, were assessed, in medical college Kolkata, a dedicated COVID-19 care facility.Results: It was observed that moderate-severe patients who received N-acetyl cysteine along with standard therapy had average hospital stay duration of 12 days, higher rate of discharge, average duration of oxygen therapy of 8 days, less number of deaths and reduced transfer to critical care facilities.Conclusions: N-acetyl cysteine can be considered as an adjunctive therapy with standard protocol driven care, due to its beneficial anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties.
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Objective: To observe the effect of aldehyde scavenger, salicylamine (SAM), on atherosclerosis (AS) and its phenotype in uremic apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Methods:Uremic ApoE-/- mice model was created by 5/6 nephrectomy; control ApoE-/- mice were sham-operated. Three subgroups of experimental mice were set up: uremia SAM intervention group, uremia group and control group, which were treated with SAM (1 g/L) or vehicle for 6 weeks, respectively. After the intervention was completed, we assessed the body weight, blood pressure, renal function, serum lipid profile, serum SAM concentration, extent and characteristic of aortic atherosclerotic lesion in each group of mice. Results: Compared with control group: aortic AS lesion area, necrotic area and macrophage content in AS lesion increased but collagen content in AS lesion decreased in uremia group. SAM treatment for 6 weeks lessened the atherosclerotic lesion area, necrotic area and macrophage content of plaques, and meanwhile increased collagen content of plaques in uremic mice, not accompanied by changes in body weight, blood pressure, serum lipid profile or renal function. SAM did not accumulate or induce toxic effect on uremic ApoE-/- mice. Conclusion: Aldehyde scavenger SAM ameliorates renal injury-induced acceleration of AS, alters atherosclerotic phenotype, and increases the stability of plaques. These benefits are independent of effects on blood pressure, lipid profile or renal function. SAM does not accumulate or induce toxic effect in uremic ApoE-/- mice.
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The heart faces the challenge of adjusting the rate of fatty acid uptake to match myocardial demand for energy provision at any given moment, avoiding both too low uptake rates, which could elicit an energy deficit, and too high uptake rates, which pose the risk of excess lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. The transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), a scavenger receptor (B2), serves many functions in lipid metabolism and signaling. In the heart, CD36 is the main sarcolemmal lipid transporter involved in the rate-limiting kinetic step in cardiac lipid utilization. The cellular fatty acid uptake rate is determined by the presence of CD36 at the cell surface, which is regulated by subcellular vesicular recycling from endosomes to the sarcolemma. CD36 has been implicated in dysregulated fatty acid and lipid metabolism in pathophysiological conditions, particularly high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, in conditions of chronic lipid overload, high levels of CD36 are moved to the sarcolemma, setting the heart on a route towards increased lipid uptake, excessive lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and eventually contractile dysfunction. Insight into the subcellular trafficking machinery of CD36 will provide novel targets to treat the lipid-overloaded heart. A screen for CD36-dedicated trafficking proteins found that vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase and specific vesicle-associated membrane proteins, among others, were uniquely involved in CD36 recycling. Preliminary data suggest that these proteins may offer clues on how to manipulate myocardial lipid uptake, and thus could be promising targets for metabolic intervention therapy to treat the failing heart.
Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathies , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies , Endosomes , Glycoproteins , Heart , Insulin Resistance , Lipid Metabolism , R-SNARE Proteins , Receptors, Scavenger , Recycling , SarcolemmaABSTRACT
Scavenger receptors typically bind to multiple ligands on a cell surface, including endogenous and modified host-derived molecules and microbial pathogens. They promote the elimination of degraded or harmful substances such as non-self or altered-self targets through endocytosis, phagocytosis, and adhesion. Currently, scavenger receptors are subdivided into eight classes based on several variations in their sequences due to alternative splicing. Since recent studies indicate targeting scavenger receptors has been involved in cancer prognosis and carcinogenesis, we will focus on the current knowledge about the emerging role of scavenger receptor classes A to E in cancer progression.
Subject(s)
Alternative Splicing , Carcinogenesis , Endocytosis , Ligands , Macrophages , Phagocytosis , Prognosis , Receptors, ScavengerABSTRACT
Objective To study whether Nεcarboxymethyl lysine(CML)can form a good molecular docking with the scavenger receptor CD36and induce a stable interaction.Methods The interaction between CML and CD36was studied by co-immunoprecipitation.The binding mode and affinity of CD36to CML were tested using AutoDock 4.2,iBabel and XQuartz-2.7.7software respectively. Results Co-immunoprecipitation showed that anti-CD36antibody magnetic bead could precipitate CD36from the total protein in RAW264.7cells and anti-CML could detect CD36 binding CML.CD36had a good molecular docking with CML,CD36and CML interacted stably with each other.The affinity of CML to 4Q4Bprotein structure of CD4extracellular domain was -29.62kJ/mol.ARG82,ASN71and THR70were the products of amino acid receptor interaction. Further docking analysis showed that CML could form 3interacting hydrogen bonds with 4Q4B,and the docking prediction inhibition constant was 6.92with a root mean square deviation of 2.54.Conclusion A good molecular docking between CML and 4Q4Bprotein structure of CD36extracellular domain can induce a stable interaction between CML and CD36.Hydrogen bonding is the main interaction mode.
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@#【Objective】To investigate the effects of zinc on the formation of atherosclerotic macrophage foaming and plaque formation and its mechanism.【Methods】The macrophage foaming model was established by stimulating THP-1cells with oxLDL. The degree of foaming in different zinc concentrations of 0，30 and 60 μmol/Lwas detected by oil red Ostaining and the intake of lipid by foam cells was measured by DiI-oxLDL fluorescence. The relevant scavenger protein ex⁃pression of CD36，SR-A was detected by immunoblotting. The relative expression level of zinc ion transporters was detect⁃ed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into 4 groups，the normal feed group（Chow group），the high-fat zinc-deficient group（HFD-ZnD），and the high-fat normal zinc group（HFD），high-fatand zinc-supplement group（HFD-ZnS），blood lipids and the protein of the mice aorta were detected in the 13 week.【Results】Compared with the normal zinc group，the oil red O density increased（P < 0.05），and add zinc ion decreased the intake of the DiI-oxLDL by foam cells（P < 0.01）. In the 0 μmol/L zinc group，the SR-A and CD36 protein expressionin the foam cells increased（P < 0.05）and 15μmol/L Zn2+ treatment before stimulating with oxLDL reduced the contentsof SR-A and CD36 proteins（P < 0.05）. Compared the oxLDL-treated group with the control group，the mRNA expres⁃sion levels of ZIP10，ZIP12 and ZIP14 increased，and the mRNA expression levels of ZIP4，ZIP7 and ZIP8 decreased（P < 0.05）；while the mRNA expression of ZnT4 was up-regulated（P < 0.01），and the mRNA expression of ZnT1 was down-regulated（P < 0.05）. Compared with Chow group，low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），total cholesterol（TC）and triglyceride（TG）were increased in HFD group and HFD-ZnD group，respectively（P < 0.05）；HFD-ZnD group High-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）was significantly elevated. Moreover，the LDL-C of the HFD-ZnS group was significantly lower than that of the HFD-ZnD group（P < 0.05）. The SR-A protein of the mice aorta of the HFD and HFD-ZnD group increased compared to the Chow group（P < 0.01），HFD-ZnS could restrain the increase（P < 0.05）. Compared with the Chow group，the ratio of plaque area in the aorta to the total arterial lumen area was significantly in⁃creased in the HFD-ZnD group（P < 0.01），and HFD-ZnS significantly inhibited this increase（P < 0.01）.【Conclusions】 Extracellular zinc deficiency aggravates lipid deposition in macrophages，and the mechanism may be regulated by up-reg⁃ulating the scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A. Zinc ion transporters are involved in macrophage foaming and formation ofarterial plaques. Zinc deficiency can increase LDL-C and promote the increase of arterial plaque induced by high-fat diet.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical value of the serum new molecular markers, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1)and soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor(sCD163), in the diagnosis of sepsis in elderly patients with burns.@*Methods@#A total of 58 inpatients with burns from Jun 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled in the study.Patients were divided into three groups: the sepsis group(n=12), the localized infection group(n=21)and the non-infection group(n=29). The levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs). The clinical diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and sCD163 was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.@*Results@#There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 at day 1 between the three groups(F=20.994 and 38.363, P<0.01). Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were higher in the sepsis group than in the localized infection group and the non-infection group.Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were higher in the localized infection group than in the non-infection group.Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were lower at day 7 than those at day 1 in all groups(F=21.242 and 41.035, P<0.01). Serum sTREM-1 levels were positively correlated with serum sCD163 levels(r=0.609, P=0.000). The AUC of sTREM-1 and sCD163 for the diagnosis of sepsis was 0.880(95%CI: 0.816~0.926).@*Conclusions@#Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 are elevated with increasing degrees of infection.Monitoring serum sTREM-1 and sCD163 levels is helpful for the diagnosis of sepsis in elderly patients with burns.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of the serum new molecular markers,soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1)and soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor(sCD163),in the diagnosis of sepsis in elderly patients with burns.Methods A total of 58 inpatients with burns from Jun 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled in the study.Patients were divided into three groups:the sepsis group(n=12),the localized infection group(n=21)and the non-infection group (n=29).The levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs).The clinical diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and sCD163 was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results There was a statistically significant difference in thelevels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 at day 1 between the three groups(F =20.994 and 38.363,P＜0.01).Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were higher in the sepsis group than in the localized infection group and the non-infection group.Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were higher in the localized infection group than in the non-infection group.Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 were lower at day 7 than those at day 1 in all groups(F=21.242 and 41.035,P＜0.01).Serum sTREM-1 levels were positively correlated with serum sCD163 levels (r =0.609,P =0.000).The AUC of sTREM-1 and sCD163 for the diagnosis of sepsis was 0.880(95％CI:0.816～0.926).Conclusions Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sCD163 are elevated with increasing degrees of infection.Monitoring serum sTREM-1 and sCD163 levels is helpful for the diagnosis of sepsis in elderly patients with burns.
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Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a member of C-type lectin-like receptor family.It can recognize many ligands and is the main receptor of oxidized low-density lipoprotein for inducing vascular endothelial dysfunction.Early studies focused on the role of LOX-1 in atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus.Recent studies have shown that LOX-1 is closely associated with ischemic stroke.This article reviews the biological characteristics of LOX-1 and its association with ischemic stroke.
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The present study aimed at the evaluation of chemical composition and bioactive potential of methanolic extract obtained from Lepista sordida in terms of antioxidative and antimicrobial efficacy. The macrofungus is recognized for its high nutritional value and medicinal properties. However, to the best of our knowledge bioactivity of its methanolic extract is yet to be explored. In this investigation, quantitative analysis of mycochemicals revealed the extract contained significant amount of phenolic compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. Ascorbic acid was found in higher amount than β carotene and lycopene which were present in vestigial amounts. A phenolic profile was also determined using high performance liquid chromatography that further confirmed the presence of 10 phenolic constituents in the extract. Furthermore, the extract was subjected for determining antioxidant potential in different in-vitro assays. The findings showed remarkable 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ABTS radical scavenging ability which was evident by low EC50 values, 330 µg/mL and 30 µg/mL respectively. The extract also demonstrated good chelating and reducing ability, an important marker of antioxidant compounds. Antimicrobial screening displayed positive results against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Altogether, the observations recommend therapeutic application of this mycotaxon on a commercial basis.
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Aim: In recent years, natural products from medicinal plants have received considerable attention. Thymoquinone, the major compound from Nigella sativa L. Is the most used due to its several pharmacological properties. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant effect of thymoquinone which is very useful in controlling free radicals noxious species causing the induction and / or amplification of a number of pathologies. Study Design: Spectrophotometric methods. Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Department, Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Nature and Life Sciences Faculty, Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria, between December 2016 and September 2017. Methodology: In vitro antioxidant study was characterized by using free radicals scavenging methods with reducing power, lipid peroxidation and ß-carotene bleaching assays. All tests were realized by spectrophotometric methods. Results: Our study showed that thymoquinone is a potent antioxidant. It is less effective as a scavenger of both DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 of 125.65 ± 0.76 and 332.5 ± 14.39 µg/ml, respectively; While it is a strong scavenger of hydroxyl radical with IC50 of 26.3 ± 0.59 µg/ml and very strong hydrogen peroxide scavenger with IC50 of 11.0 ± 0.57 µg/ml. As superoxide anion scavenger it has inhibition ability less than 50%. In lipid peroxidation, TQ had a very efficient activity it inhibits peroxidation of β- carotene by 73.58 ± 0.50%. Thus, in lipid peroxidation assay, TQ had also a significant activity with percent inhibition of 79.5 ± 2.12%. Conclusion: Our results revealed that thymoquinone possesses a low antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radicals. Thus, it has a very low reducing power capacity, whereas it is a strong hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl scavenger and lipid peroxidation inhibitor.
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ABSTRACT Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic compound with well-known antioxidant potential that can be used as a promising anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer molecule. Furthermore, it has been reported to have neuroprotective activity. One of the main problems, which limit its clinical use, is its low bioavailability when administered orally. This limitation can be circumvented by changes in their structure and/or for preparing lipid-based formulations. The aim of this study was to synthesize a derivative of FA, the hexadecyl ferulate (HF). This compound would be more susceptible to pass through blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to its lipophilic character. The HF was obtained by Steglich esterification and yielded 76.77 ± 1.35%. Its structural characterization was performed by spectroscopic methods of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). FTIR spectrum of HF presented two typical bands of ester group, a C=O ester stretching band at 1725 cm-1 and a C-O stretching band at 1159 cm-1. The 1H and 13C spectral data confirmed the chemical structure of HF. Regarding the 13C NMR spectrum, HF showed a chemical shift at δ 167.39 ppm which corresponded to the carbonyl carbon of the ester group. Concerning the in vitro antioxidant potential, HF had equivalent or improved scavenger activity than FA leading to IC50 values of 0.083 ± 0.009 nmol.mL-1 and 0.027 ± 0.002 nmol.mL-1 in DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical cation decolorization assays, respectively. Further studies are required in order to investigate the antioxidant effect of HF in biological media.